Photos that are pixelated, distorted, or of partial faces provide less data for a face recognition system to analyze than high-quality, passport-style photos, increasing room for error. It has literally no information about the suspect, and can’t make it up. Worse, if data is wrong-like a photo of someone other than the suspect-the system has no way to correct it. Any attempt to reconstruct or approximate missing data will necessarily be a “guess” as to what information that data contained. It doesn’t matter how powerful or cleverly-designed a system is, it can only operate on the information it is provided-if data is missing, the system cannot operate on it. "Garbage in, garbage out" is a phrase used to express the idea that inputting low-quality or nonsensical data into a system will produce low-quality or nonsensical results. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?" It’s also raising privacy concerns., Washington Post (Jan. Hamza Shaban, A Google app that matches your face to artwork is wildly popular. See Phoebe Weston, Who is YOUR celebrity lookalike? Find out with this online AI tool that reveals your famous doppelganger, Daily Mail (Mar. The name and image of the New York Knicks player has been redacted in the files provided to the Center by the NYPD. NYPD, Facial Identification Section Case #8: Celebrity Comparison, Document p. See, e.g., Washington County Sheriff’s Office, PSWeb Facial Recognition Training Guide, 47, available at. 15, 2014), (describing the Pennsylvania system as used in Cheltenham Township, Pa.). See, e.g., Eric Sofge, The End of Anonymity, Popular Science (Jan. Unfortunately, police departments' reliance on questionable probe photos appears all too common. It's quite another to use these techniques to identify criminal suspects, who may be deprived of their liberty and ultimately prosecuted based on the match. It is one thing for a company to build a face recognition system designed to help individuals find their celebrity doppelgänger 6 or painting lookalike 7 for entertainment purposes. The stakes are too high in criminal investigations to rely on unreliable-or wrong-inputs. FIS has also used a photo of a New York Knicks player to search its face recognition database for a man wanted for assault in Brooklyn. Woody Harrelson is not the only celebrity to stand in for a suspect wanted by the NYPD. Or the probe photo may be a suspect's celebrity doppelgänger. 3 Records from police departments show they may also include computer-generated facial features, or composite or artist sketches. These images may be low-quality surveillance camera stills, social media photos with filters, and scanned photo album pictures. As a consequence, agencies across the country can-and do-submit all manner of "probe photos," photos of unknown individuals submitted for search against a police or driver license database. There are no rules when it comes to what images police can submit to face recognition algorithms to generate investigative leads. NYPD, Real Time Crime Center Facial Identification Section (FIS), presentation by Detective Markiewicz (Sept. This celebrity “match” was sent back to the investigating officers, and someone who was not Woody Harrelson was eventually arrested for petit larceny. In the resulting list of possible candidates, the detectives identified someone they believed was a match-not to Harrelson but to the suspect whose photo had produced no possible hits. A Google image search for the actor predictably returned high-quality images, which detectives then submitted to the face recognition algorithm in place of the suspect's photo. One detective from the Facial Identification Section (FIS), responsible for conducting face recognition searches for the NYPD, noted that the suspect looked like the actor Woody Harrelson, known for his performances in Cheers, Natural Born Killers, True Detective, and other television shows and movies. Rather than concluding that the suspect could not be identified using face recognition, however, the detectives got creative. When the investigating detectives submitted the photo to the New York Police Department's (NYPD) facial recognition system, it returned no useful matches. The store surveillance camera that recorded the incident captured the suspect’s face, but it was partially obscured and highly pixelated. On April 28, 2017, a suspect was caught on camera reportedly stealing beer from a CVS in New York City.
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